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What does a student learn in ?

This is the year math shifts from solving one number problem at a time to working with whole families of relationships. Students write and graph lines, then move to curves that bend and lines that climb sharply. They learn to read a graph as a story about money, distance, or growth over time. By spring, they can take a real situation, write an equation for it, and sketch what it looks like on a graph.

  • Linear equations
  • Systems of equations
  • Quadratic functions
  • Exponential growth
  • Graphing
  • Word problems
Source: Maine Maine Learning Results
Year at a glance
How the year usually goes. Every school and district set their own curriculum, so treat this as a guide, not official pacing.
  1. 1

    Linear equations and inequalities

    Students start by writing and solving equations with one unknown, then graph lines and shaded regions to show every answer that works. Expect homework about phone plans, savings, and other real costs.

  2. 2

    Systems of equations

    Students work with two equations at once to find a point that makes both true. This shows up in problems like comparing two job offers or figuring out when two cars meet.

  3. 3

    Quadratic functions and parabolas

    Students move from straight lines to curves that rise and fall, often shaped like the path of a thrown ball. They learn to find the highest or lowest point and where the curve crosses zero.

  4. 4

    Exponential growth and decay

    Students study patterns that double, halve, or grow by a percent each step, like savings interest or a population over time. They learn why these curves shoot up or fade fast compared with straight lines.

  5. 5

    Polynomials and data analysis

    Students add, subtract, and multiply expressions with variables, then turn to real data sets. They draw a line of best fit through scattered points and use it to spot trends and make predictions.

Mastery Learning Standards
The required skills a student should display by the end of Grade 11.
Standards for Mathematical Practice
  • Make Sense of Problems

    Algebra I

    Students read a math problem all the way through, figure out what it's actually asking, and keep working even when the first approach doesn't pan out.

  • Reason Abstractly

    Algebra I

    Students take a word problem apart to work with the numbers, then put the context back together to check that the answer actually makes sense in the real situation.

  • Construct Arguments

    Algebra I

    Students build a math argument by showing their work and explaining why each step makes sense. They also look at a classmate's solution and find where the reasoning holds up or falls apart.

  • Model with Mathematics

    Algebra I

    Students take a real situation, like splitting a bill or figuring out how far a car travels on a tank of gas, and write a math equation or draw a graph to solve it.

  • Use Tools Strategically

    Algebra I

    Students choose the right tool for the math in front of them: a calculator, a quick estimate, or pencil and paper. The skill is knowing which one fits, not just reaching for the same tool every time.

  • Attend to Precision

    Algebra I

    Students use the right math words, label their answers with correct units, and check their calculations carefully. Sloppy language or a missing label can make a correct answer wrong.

  • Algebra I

    Students learn to spot patterns and hidden structure in math problems, like noticing that an expression can be rewritten in a simpler form. Recognizing that structure helps them solve problems faster and with more confidence.

  • Express Regularity

    Algebra I

    When the same steps keep showing up in a problem, students notice the pattern and use it as a shortcut. That shortcut becomes a rule or formula they can apply without starting from scratch each time.

  • Make Sense of Problems

    Algebra II

    Students read a math problem carefully, figure out what it's actually asking, and keep working even when the first approach doesn't pan out. They check whether their answer makes sense before moving on.

  • Reason Abstractly

    Algebra II

    Students take a real situation, strip it down to an equation or expression, solve it, then translate the answer back into what it means in the original context.

  • Construct Arguments

    Algebra II

    Students build a math argument by showing why their answer makes sense, then check a classmate's work to find where the logic holds or breaks down.

  • Model with Mathematics

    Algebra II

    Students take a real-world situation, like figuring out loan payments or predicting population growth, and build a math equation or graph that helps make sense of it.

  • Use Tools Strategically

    Algebra II

    Students choose the right tool for the problem: a calculator, a quick estimate, or pencil-and-paper work. Knowing when to use each one is part of solving the problem.

  • Attend to Precision

    Algebra II

    Students use exact vocabulary and correct units when solving problems, and check that their calculations are precise. Sloppy labels or rounding too early can change the answer.

  • Algebra II

    Students spot patterns in equations and graphs, then use those patterns as shortcuts. Recognizing that a complicated expression has a familiar shape saves time and points toward the right method.

  • Express Regularity

    Algebra II

    Students notice when the same steps keep appearing in a problem and use that pattern to find a shortcut or write a general rule. It's the habit of asking, "Why does this keep working?"

  • Make Sense of Problems

    Geometry

    Students read a math problem carefully, figure out what it's actually asking, and keep working even when the path isn't obvious. They check their own thinking along the way and adjust if something isn't adding up.

  • Reason Abstractly

    Geometry

    Students take a real problem (a floor plan, a ramp, a shadow) and strip it down to numbers and shapes they can work with. Then they translate the answer back into something that makes sense in the original situation.

  • Construct Arguments

    Geometry

    Students build logical, step-by-step proofs to support a math claim, then explain what's wrong (or right) about how a classmate solved the same problem.

  • Model with Mathematics

    Geometry

    Students take a real situation (a construction project, a traffic pattern, a budget) and build a math model to make sense of it. The model might be an equation, a diagram, or a graph.

  • Use Tools Strategically

    Geometry

    Students choose the right tool for the problem, whether that means a calculator, a quick estimate, or working it out by hand. The goal is knowing when each approach makes sense.

  • Attend to Precision

    Geometry

    Students use exact math vocabulary and the right units when solving problems. A length stays in inches, an angle in degrees, and every term means what it's supposed to mean.

  • Geometry

    Students spot patterns and hidden structure in math problems, like recognizing that a complex shape is really just familiar pieces rearranged. That recognition helps them solve problems faster and with more confidence.

  • Express Regularity

    Geometry

    When the same steps keep appearing in different problems, students pause to ask why, then write a general rule or formula that works every time instead of solving from scratch each time.

Algebra I
  • Algebra I

    Students write and solve equations for straight-line relationships, then plot them on a graph. They use those same equations to answer real questions, like figuring out how long until two costs are equal or when a savings goal is reached.

  • Algebra I

    Students write pairs of equations or inequalities with the same two unknowns, then find the values that satisfy both at once. This shows up in problems like comparing phone plans or splitting costs.

  • Quadratic Functions

    Algebra I

    Quadratic functions create a U-shaped curve on a graph. Students learn to write the equation, sketch the curve, and use both to describe real situations like a ball's path through the air.

  • Exponential Functions

    Algebra I

    Students read and graph exponential functions, the kind that model how a savings account compounds or how a population shrinks over time. They learn to tell growth curves from decay curves and write the equation behind each.

  • Polynomials and Statistics

    Algebra I

    Students add, subtract, and multiply polynomials, then read data sets to spot patterns and draw conclusions. This covers both single-variable data like test scores and two-variable data like comparing height and age.

Algebra II
  • Functions and Graphs

    Algebra II

    Students read graphs of advanced functions, spotting where they rise, fall, flatten, or repeat. The functions include polynomials, exponentials, logarithms, and sine and cosine curves.

  • Polynomial and Rational

    Algebra II

    Students add, subtract, multiply, and divide expressions with variables and exponents, then solve equations built from those expressions. This is the algebra behind more advanced math and science courses.

  • Algebra II

    Students use sine and cosine functions to describe real patterns that repeat, like sound waves or tides. They apply known identities to rewrite and solve those models.

  • Statistics and Probability

    Algebra II

    Students use data collected from a sample group to draw conclusions about a larger population. They apply statistical reasoning to decide what the data likely means beyond the people or things actually measured.

Geometry
  • Geometry

    Rigid transformations are moves that preserve shape and size: slides, flips, and turns. Students use these moves to show that two triangles or other figures are exactly the same shape and size, then write a formal proof explaining why.

  • Similarity, Right Triangles, and Trigonometry

    Geometry

    Students use triangle similarity and sine, cosine, and tangent ratios to find missing side lengths and angles in right triangles. These skills apply to real problems like finding the height of a building or the length of a ramp.

  • Geometry

    Students use the rules of circles to find missing arc lengths, angles, and segment lengths. Problems often involve chords, tangent lines, and angles formed inside or outside a circle.

  • Coordinate Geometry

    Geometry

    Students use equations and coordinate grids to prove geometric properties, such as whether two lines are parallel or whether a shape has right angles. Algebra and geometry work together here.

  • Measurement and Modeling

    Geometry

    Students find the area, surface area, and volume of shapes, then use those calculations to solve practical problems like figuring out how much paint covers a wall or how much water fills a tank.

Assessments
The state tests students at this grade and subject take.
National College Readiness

SAT School Day

Maine administers the SAT School Day to all 11th-grade students free of charge as part of the state's accountability system.

When given:
spring
Frequency:
annual
Official source
Common Questions
  • What math will students actually learn this year?

    Students work with three big families of equations: straight lines, U-shaped curves, and growth or decay patterns like money in a savings account. They learn to write these equations, graph them, and use them to answer questions about real situations.

  • How can I help at home if my student is stuck on a problem?

    Ask them to read the problem out loud and say what the question is asking in their own words. Then ask what they already know and what they need to find. Most stuck moments come from skipping that first step, not from missing math skills.

  • Does my student need to memorize formulas?

    A few are worth memorizing, like the slope formula and the quadratic formula, but most of the work is about knowing when to use them. Quick practice with flashcards for ten minutes a few times a week is plenty. Understanding why a formula works matters more than reciting it.

  • What does a strong end of year look like?

    Students can take a word problem, write an equation for it, solve it, and explain what the answer means in the situation. They can move between a table, a graph, and an equation for the same relationship without getting lost.

  • How should the year be sequenced?

    Most teachers start with linear equations and inequalities, move into systems, then spend a long stretch on quadratics before exponentials. Polynomial operations and data analysis weave in throughout. Save real modeling problems for after students have the basic moves down.

  • Which topics usually need the most reteaching?

    Factoring quadratics and solving systems are the two big ones. Students also struggle to tell linear, quadratic, and exponential situations apart in word problems. Building in spiral review on these every few weeks pays off more than a single long unit.

  • My student says they are bad at word problems. What helps?

    Word problems get easier when students slow down and label what each number means before touching the math. At home, try turning everyday questions into small problems, like figuring out gas mileage or how long it takes to save for something. Practice with real numbers builds confidence faster than worksheets.

  • How do I know my student is ready for the next math course?

    Look for two signs: they can solve and graph quadratic and exponential equations without a lot of prompting, and they can explain their reasoning out loud. If they can teach a problem back to someone, they are ready.

  • How much should graphing technology be used?

    Graphing tools are useful once students can sketch lines and parabolas by hand and predict what a graph should look like. Used too early, they hide the structure students need to see. A good rule is to ask for a prediction before the calculator screen comes on.