Asking questions and noticing patterns
Students start the year as scientists. They notice things around them, ask questions about how the world works, and learn to look closely and write down what they see.
This is the year science becomes something students do, not just hear about. Students ask their own questions, try simple tests, and look closely at what plants, animals, weather, and everyday objects are doing. They start using drawings and small experiments to show what they notice. By spring, students can ask a question about something they see outside, try a way to find an answer, and explain what happened.
Students start the year as scientists. They notice things around them, ask questions about how the world works, and learn to look closely and write down what they see.
Students explore how light helps us see, how sound is made when things shake or vibrate, and how pushes and pulls move objects across a table or floor.
Students look at how plants and animals grow, what body parts help them survive, and how baby animals and plants look like their parents but not exactly the same.
Students watch the sun, moon, and stars across days and months. They track how daylight, weather, and shadows change with the seasons and notice patterns they can predict.
Students wrap up the year as young engineers. They pick a small problem, sketch an idea, build it with simple materials, and test it to see what works and what to fix.
Students learn to ask questions that can actually be tested, like "What happens if I add more water?" rather than questions with no clear answer. This is the first step toward real science work.
Students draw pictures or diagrams to show how something in the world works, like why the sky looks blue or how a bridge holds weight. The model helps them explain their thinking before they can fully put it into words.
Students plan simple tests and gather information to see if their ideas hold up. This is how scientists check whether something is true.
Looking at collected data, students find patterns, like noticing that plants near the window grew taller than plants kept in the dark. They explain what the data shows in their own words.
Students use counting, measuring, and simple number comparisons to explain what they observe in science. Instead of just describing what they see, they back it up with numbers.
Students use what they observed or tested to explain why something happened. They back up their answer with real evidence, not just a guess.
Students look at two different explanations or solutions, then use what they observed or tested to argue which one works better.
Students gather facts from books, pictures, or a teacher, decide what seems right, and share what they learned. This is how scientists figure things out and explain their thinking to others.
| Standard | Definition | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Asking Questions and Defining Problems | Students learn to ask questions that can actually be tested, like "What happens if I add more water?" rather than questions with no clear answer. This is the first step toward real science work. | RI-SCI.SEP.1.1 |
| Developing and Using Models | Students draw pictures or diagrams to show how something in the world works, like why the sky looks blue or how a bridge holds weight. The model helps them explain their thinking before they can fully put it into words. | RI-SCI.SEP.1.2 |
| Planning and Carrying Out Investigations | Students plan simple tests and gather information to see if their ideas hold up. This is how scientists check whether something is true. | RI-SCI.SEP.1.3 |
| Analyzing and Interpreting Data | Looking at collected data, students find patterns, like noticing that plants near the window grew taller than plants kept in the dark. They explain what the data shows in their own words. | RI-SCI.SEP.1.4 |
| Mathematics and Computational Thinking | Students use counting, measuring, and simple number comparisons to explain what they observe in science. Instead of just describing what they see, they back it up with numbers. | RI-SCI.SEP.1.5 |
| Constructing Explanations | Students use what they observed or tested to explain why something happened. They back up their answer with real evidence, not just a guess. | RI-SCI.SEP.1.6 |
| Engaging in Argument from Evidence | Students look at two different explanations or solutions, then use what they observed or tested to argue which one works better. | RI-SCI.SEP.1.7 |
| Communicating Information | Students gather facts from books, pictures, or a teacher, decide what seems right, and share what they learned. This is how scientists figure things out and explain their thinking to others. | RI-SCI.SEP.1.8 |
Students observe everyday materials like water, rocks, and paper to figure out what things are made of and why they behave the way they do.
Students push, pull, and observe how objects speed up, slow down, or stay still. They learn why things move the way they do and what it takes to stop them.
Students explore how energy shows up in everyday forms like light, heat, and sound, and how it can move from one object to another. A warm mug heating your hands or a lamp lighting a room are the kinds of things students investigate.
Students explore how waves move energy from place to place, like sound traveling through the air or light reaching your eyes. They look at how waves are used to send information, like a radio signal or a ringing phone.
| Standard | Definition | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Matter and Interactions | Students observe everyday materials like water, rocks, and paper to figure out what things are made of and why they behave the way they do. | RI-SCI.PS.1.1 |
| Motion and Stability | Students push, pull, and observe how objects speed up, slow down, or stay still. They learn why things move the way they do and what it takes to stop them. | RI-SCI.PS.1.2 |
| Energy | Students explore how energy shows up in everyday forms like light, heat, and sound, and how it can move from one object to another. A warm mug heating your hands or a lamp lighting a room are the kinds of things students investigate. | RI-SCI.PS.1.3 |
| Waves and Information | Students explore how waves move energy from place to place, like sound traveling through the air or light reaching your eyes. They look at how waves are used to send information, like a radio signal or a ringing phone. | RI-SCI.PS.1.4 |
Students study how living things are built and how they work, from tiny building blocks to whole body systems. They observe plants and animals up close to see how each part has a job.
Students learn how plants, animals, and other living things depend on each other to survive. They look at how food, water, and sunlight move through a community of living things.
Students look at plants or animals and notice which features, like leaf shape or fur color, get passed down from parents to offspring. They also notice that not every parent and child look exactly alike.
Students observe that living things come in many different shapes and sizes, but share basic needs like food, water, and shelter. They begin to notice how some features help animals and plants survive in their environment.
| Standard | Definition | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Structures and Processes | Students study how living things are built and how they work, from tiny building blocks to whole body systems. They observe plants and animals up close to see how each part has a job. | RI-SCI.LS.1.1 |
| Ecosystems | Students learn how plants, animals, and other living things depend on each other to survive. They look at how food, water, and sunlight move through a community of living things. | RI-SCI.LS.1.2 |
| Heredity | Students look at plants or animals and notice which features, like leaf shape or fur color, get passed down from parents to offspring. They also notice that not every parent and child look exactly alike. | RI-SCI.LS.1.3 |
| Biological Evolution | Students observe that living things come in many different shapes and sizes, but share basic needs like food, water, and shelter. They begin to notice how some features help animals and plants survive in their environment. | RI-SCI.LS.1.4 |
Students learn where Earth sits in space and how it moves around the sun. They also look at how day, night, and seasons follow a regular pattern.
Students explore how land, water, air, and living things work together on Earth. They look at how each one affects the others, like how rain fills a river or wind moves soil.
Students explore how people change the land, water, and air around them, and how storms, floods, and other natural events affect where and how people live.
| Standard | Definition | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Earth's Place in the Universe | Students learn where Earth sits in space and how it moves around the sun. They also look at how day, night, and seasons follow a regular pattern. | RI-SCI.ESS.1.1 |
| Earth's Systems | Students explore how land, water, air, and living things work together on Earth. They look at how each one affects the others, like how rain fills a river or wind moves soil. | RI-SCI.ESS.1.2 |
| Earth and Human Activity | Students explore how people change the land, water, and air around them, and how storms, floods, and other natural events affect where and how people live. | RI-SCI.ESS.1.3 |
Students look at a problem, think up a fix, build or draw their idea, and then test it to see what works and what needs to change.
Students look at how tools and inventions change everyday life, and how the needs of people shape what engineers build next.
| Standard | Definition | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Engineering Design | Students look at a problem, think up a fix, build or draw their idea, and then test it to see what works and what needs to change. | RI-SCI.ETS.1.1 |
| Links Among Engineering, Technology, and Society | Students look at how tools and inventions change everyday life, and how the needs of people shape what engineers build next. | RI-SCI.ETS.1.2 |
Federally administered sample-based assessment in reading, mathematics, science, and writing. NAEP results inform state-by-state comparisons rather than individual student or school accountability.
Students spend the year asking questions, watching closely, and trying things out. They look at plants and animals, push and pull objects, notice the weather, and talk about the sun, moon, and stars. Most lessons involve hands-on activities rather than reading from a textbook.
Go outside and notice things together. Watch how a shadow moves across the afternoon, find a bug under a rock, or sort leaves by shape and color. When students ask why something happens, try to investigate it before giving the answer.
Memorizing vocabulary is not the goal in first grade. Students should be able to describe what they observed, compare two things, and use simple words like push, pull, light, sound, plant, and animal. Curiosity matters more than terminology.
A common path is to start with sky patterns and weather in the fall, move into light and sound in winter, and finish with plants and animals in spring. Threading engineering design challenges through each unit keeps the practices fresh instead of saving them for the end.
Students ask a question, make a prediction, try something, and talk about what happened. A flashlight and a few objects can become a real investigation about shadows. The thinking shows up in their drawings and explanations, not in a formal lab report.
Recording observations and comparing results trip up the most students. Many will describe what they liked instead of what they noticed, or say one thing is bigger without measuring. Sentence frames like "I noticed... I wonder..." help students move from reactions to evidence.
Yes. Sorting objects, drawing what they see, and building simple structures is how scientific thinking starts. The drawings are records of observations, and the play is testing ideas. Ask what they noticed or what surprised them, and the science usually comes out in the answer.
Look for students who can ask a question they could actually test, describe what they observed in order, and compare two things using evidence. They should also be able to draw a simple model of something like a plant or the sky and explain what the parts mean.