What does a student learn in StateNew Hampshire,GradeGrade 12,SubjectScience?

Students learn to frame questions and problems in ways that can actually be tested or built. That means deciding whether an idea belongs in a lab or a design challenge before any investigation begins.

Students build diagrams, simulations, or physical models to show how a system or process works, then use those models to make predictions or explain their thinking to others.

Students design an experiment, collect real data, and use what they find to test whether their original idea holds up. The work includes deciding what to measure and how to measure it fairly.

Students look at data from experiments or research and explain what it means. They spot trends, find patterns, and draw conclusions from numbers, charts, or graphs.

Students apply math and calculations to back up scientific arguments. That might mean analyzing data from an experiment, running a simulation, or using an equation to explain why something happens in nature.

Students build written explanations for why something happens in the natural world, using data and scientific principles to back up every claim. The explanation has to hold up against the evidence, not just sound right.

Students look at two or more scientific explanations or designs, weigh the evidence behind each, and make a case for which one holds up better. The focus is on using data to defend a position, not just stating an opinion.

Students read scientific texts and data, judge how reliable they are, and explain findings clearly to others. This practice covers everything from reading a research summary to presenting evidence in writing or speech.

Students study how atoms and molecules are arranged and how they interact to explain everyday physical events, like why ice melts or why some materials conduct electricity.

Students study how and why objects move, stop, or stay still. They apply Newton's laws and conservation of energy to explain real situations, from a car braking on ice to a ball in flight.

Students trace how energy changes form and moves from one object to another, such as heat leaving a hot pan or stored energy turning into motion, while seeing that the total amount of energy stays the same.

Students study how waves carry energy and information from one place to another. They explore real applications like radio signals, medical imaging, and fiber optic cables.

Students examine how living things are built and how they work, starting inside a single cell and scaling up to whole organs and body systems.

Students trace how energy flows through a food web and how matter like carbon and water cycles through living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem. They also examine how organisms compete, cooperate, and depend on each other within a community.

Students study how traits like eye color or height pass from parents to children, and why siblings can look different even when they share the same parents.

Students examine how all living things share common traits while also showing enormous variety, then explore the processes (like natural selection and mutation) that drive that change over time.

Students study where Earth sits in the solar system and how planets move in predictable patterns. They also look at how Earth itself formed and changed over billions of years.

Students study how Earth's land, water, air, and living things connect and affect each other. A volcanic eruption, a flood, or a shift in climate shows all four systems working together.

Students study how things like farming, building, and burning fuel change the land, water, and atmosphere, and how earthquakes, floods, and other natural events put people and communities at risk.

Students identify a real problem, sketch or build possible solutions, then test and adjust their designs until the best option works as well as it can.

Engineering shapes daily life, and daily life shapes what engineers build next. Students explore how new technologies change society and how society's needs push engineers to solve new problems.