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What does a student learn in ?

This is the year science becomes asking questions about the world and looking for answers. Students notice patterns in weather, watch how plants and animals grow, and play with pushes and pulls to see what makes things move. They draw pictures of what they observe and talk about why things happen. By spring, students can ask a question about something they see outside, try a simple test, and explain what they found.

  • Asking questions
  • Weather and seasons
  • Plants and animals
  • Pushes and pulls
  • Observing and drawing
  • Simple investigations
Source: New Hampshire New Hampshire College and Career Ready Standards
Year at a glance
How the year usually goes. Every school and district set their own curriculum, so treat this as a guide, not official pacing.
  1. 1

    Wondering and noticing

    Students learn to ask questions about the world around them and look closely at what they see. They start sorting objects, describing what they notice, and drawing simple pictures to share their ideas.

  2. 2

    Pushes, pulls, and motion

    Students play with ramps, balls, and blocks to see how things move. They learn that a push or pull can make an object go faster, slower, or change direction.

  3. 3

    Living things and their needs

    Students look at plants, animals, and people to see what each one needs to grow. They notice how baby animals look like their parents and how living things fit into the places they live.

  4. 4

    Weather, sky, and seasons

    Students watch the weather and track how it changes day to day. They notice the sun, the moon, and the seasons, and talk about how warm or cold days change what people wear and do.

  5. 5

    Building and solving problems

    Students try simple engineering tasks like building a shelter for a toy or a ramp for a ball. They test an idea, see what went wrong, and try again.

Mastery Learning Standards
The required skills a student should display by the end of Kindergarten.
Science and Engineering Practices
  • Asking Questions and Defining Problems

    Students practice turning everyday curiosity into questions that can actually be tested, like wondering why ice melts or how a ramp changes the way a ball rolls.

  • Developing and Using Models

    Students draw or build simple models, like a picture of the sun or a clay shape, to show how something in the world works.

  • Planning and Carrying Out Investigations

    Students pick a simple question, try something out to answer it, and pay attention to what happens. That might mean watching ice melt, dropping objects, or checking which surface a ball rolls farthest on.

  • Analyzing and Interpreting Data

    Students sort and compare what they observe or measure to find patterns, like noticing that plants near the window grow taller than plants kept in the dark.

  • Mathematics and Computational Thinking

    Students use counting, sorting, or simple patterns to help answer science questions. Instead of just guessing, they use numbers and data as evidence.

  • Constructing Explanations

    Students look at what they observed and put it into words: "I think this happens because..." They back up their idea with something they actually saw or tested.

  • Engaging in Argument from Evidence

    Students look at simple observations or test results and decide which idea or design works better. They explain their thinking using what they actually saw or found out.

  • Communicating Information

    Students share what they notice about the world around them, using pictures, words, or models to show what they observed and learned.

Physical Science
  • Matter and Interactions

    Students sort and describe everyday objects by how they look, feel, and behave. They notice what things are made of and start building simple explanations for why objects act the way they do.

  • Motion and Stability

    Students push, pull, and roll objects to see how things start moving, stop, or change direction. They learn that bigger pushes make things move farther and faster.

  • Students explore how energy shows up in everyday things like light, heat, and sound, and notice what happens when energy moves from one object to another.

  • Waves and Information

    Students explore how waves move energy from place to place, like sound traveling through the air when someone claps. They look at simple examples of how waves carry information, the way a shout or a light signal can send a message across a room.

Life Science
  • Structures and Processes

    Students look at living things and notice the parts that help them survive, like roots on a plant or legs on an animal. They learn that each part has a job.

  • Ecosystems

    Students learn that plants, animals, and other living things depend on each other to survive. They look at how food, water, and sunlight move through a habitat and connect every living thing in it.

  • Students look at parents and offspring to see which traits, like fur color or leaf shape, get passed down and which ones differ. Not every living thing looks exactly like its parents.

  • Biological Evolution

    Students look at different animals and plants to notice what makes each living thing alike and what makes it different from others.

Earth and Space Science
  • Earth's Place in the Universe

    Students look at the sky to find patterns, like how the sun rises and sets each day and how the moon seems to change shape over weeks. They start to see Earth as one small part of a much larger universe.

  • Earth's Systems

    Students learn that Earth has four main systems: land, water, air, and living things. They explore how those systems affect each other, like how rain fills rivers and rivers shape the ground.

  • Earth and Human Activity

    Students look at how people change the land, water, and air around them, and what happens when storms, floods, or other natural events disrupt daily life.

Engineering, Technology, and Applications of Science
  • Engineering Design

    Students look at something that doesn't work well, think up a fix, and then test their idea to see if it works. If it doesn't, they try again.

  • Links Among Engineering, Technology, and Society

    Students look at everyday objects, like a lamp or a water faucet, and talk about how people invented them to solve problems. They start to see that what we build changes how we live.

No state assessments at this grade
Students take their next one in Grade 4.
National Monitoring

NAEP (National Assessment of Educational Progress)

Federally administered sample-based assessment in reading, mathematics, science, and writing. NAEP results inform state-by-state comparisons rather than individual student or school accountability.

When given:
biennial in winter
Frequency:
every two years
Official source
Common Questions
  • What does science look like in kindergarten?

    Science at this age is mostly noticing, asking, and trying things out. Students watch the weather, push and pull objects, sort leaves and rocks, and talk about what living things need. The goal is curiosity and careful looking, not facts to memorize.

  • How can I help my child with science at home?

    Go outside and ask what students notice. Watch clouds, listen for birds, drop different objects in water, or sort sticks by size. Five minutes of wondering out loud is more useful than any worksheet at this age.

  • Does my child need to know science vocabulary?

    Not really. Everyday words like push, pull, melt, sink, float, sprout, and shadow are plenty. Students who can describe what they saw in their own words are doing exactly the right work.

  • How should I sequence science topics across the year?

    Most teachers start with weather and the five senses in the fall, move to plants and animals through the winter, and finish with motion, forces, and simple engineering problems in the spring. Tie each unit to what students can see outside that month.

  • What does an investigation look like for a five-year-old?

    Ask a question students can actually test, like which paper airplane goes farther or what melts faster in the sun. Have students predict, try it, and draw what happened. A picture with a label or two counts as recording data at this age.

  • What should students be able to do by the end of the year?

    Students should ask a testable question, make a prediction, try something out, and describe what they noticed. They should also know basic patterns like day and night, the seasons, and what plants and animals need to live.

  • What usually needs the most reteaching?

    Telling the difference between a guess and an observation is the hardest part. Students often jump to an answer before looking. Build in a quiet noticing step before any discussion, and ask students to point at the evidence they saw.

  • My child loves to ask why. How do I answer without making it boring?

    Turn the question back into a small experiment. If students ask why ice melts, put a cube on a plate and one in a cup of warm water and watch together. The answer matters less than the habit of testing.