What does a student learn in StateNew Hampshire,GradeGrade 4,SubjectScience?

Students come up with questions that can be tested by an experiment or problems that could be solved by building something. This is how science and engineering get started.

Students build or draw a model, such as a diagram or physical prototype, to show how something in nature works or how a design could solve a problem.

Students plan a test, collect observations or measurements, and use what they find to check whether an idea holds up.

Students look at collected data, like a chart or graph, and explain what it shows. They spot patterns, such as which plant grew fastest or which day was warmest, and use those patterns to draw a conclusion.

Students use numbers, measurements, and basic calculations to back up their observations and explain what they found. Instead of just describing what happened, they let the data make the case.

Students take what they observed or measured and write an explanation that connects the evidence to a scientific idea. The explanation has to be grounded in what actually happened, not just a guess.

Students look at two or more explanations or design ideas, then use facts and observations to argue which one holds up better. Think of it as making a case with proof, not just an opinion.

Students read science articles or diagrams, decide what information is useful, and explain what they found in writing or conversation.

Students investigate what matter is made of and how tiny particles interact to explain everyday physical changes, like why ice melts or salt dissolves in water.

Students learn why objects speed up, slow down, or stay still. They run experiments to see how pushes and pulls change the way things move.

Students explore how energy moves and changes form, such as heat turning into light or motion. They learn that energy is never lost, just shifted from one place or object to another.

Students explore how waves, like sound and light, carry energy from one place to another. They also look at how waves are used to send information, like in a radio signal or a phone call.

Students examine how living things are built and how they work, from the tiny cells inside a leaf or muscle all the way up to the full body systems that keep an organism alive.

Students trace how energy from the sun moves through plants and animals in a food chain, and how matter like water and nutrients cycles back through the environment. They also explore how organisms depend on and affect each other in the same community.

Students look at traits like eye color, height, or leaf shape and figure out which ones get passed down from parents to offspring and which ones vary from one generation to the next.

Students look at how living things share common traits and how they differ, then explore why those differences help some survive and others struggle.

Students learn where Earth fits in the solar system and how the planets move in predictable patterns. They also explore how Earth itself has changed over a very long history.

Students learn how land, water, air, and living things work together on Earth. They look at how changes in one part, like a flood or a drought, affect the others.

Students look at how things like farming, building, and pollution change the land, water, and air around us. They also study how earthquakes, floods, and storms affect where and how people live.

Students identify a real problem, come up with possible fixes, then test and improve their ideas until the best solution holds up.

Students explore how inventions shape daily life and how the needs of daily life push engineers to invent new things. A new tool can change how people work, and a new problem in the world can send engineers back to the drawing board.