Foundations of American government
Students dig into the ideas behind the U.S. and New Hampshire constitutions. They study how local, state, federal, and tribal governments fit together and what it means to be a citizen who actually shows up.
This is the year social studies turns into adult-level analysis. Students dig into how the Constitution actually works, how markets set prices, and how today's headlines trace back to older history. They also learn the money basics that matter after graduation, like credit, saving, and how a paycheck gets spent. By spring, students can read a news story about an election, a court ruling, or the economy and explain what is really going on.
Students dig into the ideas behind the U.S. and New Hampshire constitutions. They study how local, state, federal, and tribal governments fit together and what it means to be a citizen who actually shows up.
Students trace how major civilizations grew, traded, and clashed over centuries. They look at how different political and economic systems took shape and why those choices still matter today.
Students follow the United States from early contact to the present, with New Hampshire woven in. They examine reform movements, wars, westward expansion, and the cultural shifts that changed daily life.
Students learn how markets set prices and how governments, banks, and workers shape the economy. They also practice the personal side: budgeting, saving, using credit wisely, and thinking about investing.
Students use maps and data to study how people, land, and climate shape one another. They look at migration, settlement patterns, and how local choices ripple out across regions.
Students take on current global problems and trace them back to their roots. They study U.S. relationships with other countries and practice forming arguments backed by evidence on issues that affect their own lives.
Students examine the ideas and events that shaped the U.S. Constitution, from Enlightenment thinkers to colonial grievances, and learn how those principles carried into New Hampshire's own founding document.
Students trace how power is divided among local, state, federal, and tribal governments, and explain how those levels work together or push against each other on real issues.
Students learn what rights citizens have under the Constitution and what responsibilities come with those rights, including how people vote, petition, and take part in government decisions.
Students examine how the U.S. works with other countries and groups like the United Nations, looking at trade deals, alliances, and conflicts to understand why those relationships matter.
| Standard | Definition | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Foundations of US Government Grades 11-12 | Students examine the ideas and events that shaped the U.S. Constitution, from Enlightenment thinkers to colonial grievances, and learn how those principles carried into New Hampshire's own founding document. | NH-SS.CIV.11-12.1 |
| Structure and Function of Government Grades 11-12 | Students trace how power is divided among local, state, federal, and tribal governments, and explain how those levels work together or push against each other on real issues. | NH-SS.CIV.11-12.2 |
| Rights and Responsibilities Grades 11-12 | Students learn what rights citizens have under the Constitution and what responsibilities come with those rights, including how people vote, petition, and take part in government decisions. | NH-SS.CIV.11-12.3 |
| International Relations Grades 11-12 | Students examine how the U.S. works with other countries and groups like the United Nations, looking at trade deals, alliances, and conflicts to understand why those relationships matter. | NH-SS.CIV.11-12.4 |
Students weigh the real costs and benefits of different choices using economic thinking. That means asking what's gained, what's given up, and whether the trade-off is worth it.
Markets match buyers and sellers, and prices signal where resources go. Students examine how competition shapes those prices and what happens when one business dominates a market or supply runs short.
Students compare how different countries organize their economies and examine what governments, businesses, banks, and workers each control. The focus is on tradeoffs: who sets prices, who owns property, and who decides what gets made.
Students practice real money decisions: how much to save, when to use credit, and where to put money to grow over time. These skills cover budgeting, debt, and basic investing so students are ready to handle their own finances after graduation.
| Standard | Definition | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Economic Decision Making Grades 11-12 | Students weigh the real costs and benefits of different choices using economic thinking. That means asking what's gained, what's given up, and whether the trade-off is worth it. | NH-SS.ECON.11-12.1 |
| Markets and Exchange Grades 11-12 | Markets match buyers and sellers, and prices signal where resources go. Students examine how competition shapes those prices and what happens when one business dominates a market or supply runs short. | NH-SS.ECON.11-12.2 |
| Economic Systems and Institutions Grades 11-12 | Students compare how different countries organize their economies and examine what governments, businesses, banks, and workers each control. The focus is on tradeoffs: who sets prices, who owns property, and who decides what gets made. | NH-SS.ECON.11-12.3 |
| Personal Finance Grades 11-12 | Students practice real money decisions: how much to save, when to use credit, and where to put money to grow over time. These skills cover budgeting, debt, and basic investing so students are ready to handle their own finances after graduation. | NH-SS.ECON.11-12.4 |
Students read maps, aerial photos, and data tools to spot geographic patterns and figure out why places and regions look the way they do.
Students study what makes a place distinctive, its landforms, climate, population, economy, and history, then compare those traits across regions of New Hampshire and the broader United States.
Students look at why people move, where they settle, and how ideas and customs spread from one region to another. They use maps and historical evidence to explain the patterns behind migration, city growth, and cultural change.
Students examine how geography influences where and how people live, and how human decisions, like building cities or farming land, change the landscape over time.
| Standard | Definition | Code |
|---|---|---|
| The World in Spatial Terms Grades 11-12 | Students read maps, aerial photos, and data tools to spot geographic patterns and figure out why places and regions look the way they do. | NH-SS.GEO.11-12.1 |
| Places and Regions Grades 11-12 | Students study what makes a place distinctive, its landforms, climate, population, economy, and history, then compare those traits across regions of New Hampshire and the broader United States. | NH-SS.GEO.11-12.2 |
| Human Systems Grades 11-12 | Students look at why people move, where they settle, and how ideas and customs spread from one region to another. They use maps and historical evidence to explain the patterns behind migration, city growth, and cultural change. | NH-SS.GEO.11-12.3 |
| Environment and Society Grades 11-12 | Students examine how geography influences where and how people live, and how human decisions, like building cities or farming land, change the landscape over time. | NH-SS.GEO.11-12.4 |
Students trace how the U.S. system of government took shape and examine New Hampshire's specific role in that process, from the founding era to today.
Students examine the big turning points in American history: reform movements, westward expansion, and major conflicts. They analyze how each one changed the country's laws, borders, or daily life.
Students trace how American and New Hampshire life changed over time, from the cultures and economies of Native peoples before European contact through the economic and social shifts that shaped the country today.
| Standard | Definition | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Political Foundations Grades 11-12 | Students trace how the U.S. system of government took shape and examine New Hampshire's specific role in that process, from the founding era to today. | NH-SS.USH.11-12.1 |
| Movements and Change Grades 11-12 | Students examine the big turning points in American history: reform movements, westward expansion, and major conflicts. They analyze how each one changed the country's laws, borders, or daily life. | NH-SS.USH.11-12.2 |
| Cultural and Economic Development Grades 11-12 | Students trace how American and New Hampshire life changed over time, from the cultures and economies of Native peoples before European contact through the economic and social shifts that shaped the country today. | NH-SS.USH.11-12.3 |
Students trace how major civilizations rose and changed over time, then look at what happened when those civilizations met, traded with, or fought one another.
Students compare how different countries and time periods organized power and money. They look at why some systems led to stability or growth while others collapsed or left people behind.
Students trace today's global conflicts, migrations, and political tensions back to their historical roots. They explain how past events shaped the problems the world still deals with now.
| Standard | Definition | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Civilizations and Cultural Encounters Grades 11-12 | Students trace how major civilizations rose and changed over time, then look at what happened when those civilizations met, traded with, or fought one another. | NH-SS.WH.11-12.1 |
| Political and Economic Systems Grades 11-12 | Students compare how different countries and time periods organized power and money. They look at why some systems led to stability or growth while others collapsed or left people behind. | NH-SS.WH.11-12.2 |
| Contemporary Issues Grades 11-12 | Students trace today's global conflicts, migrations, and political tensions back to their historical roots. They explain how past events shaped the problems the world still deals with now. | NH-SS.WH.11-12.3 |
Federally administered sample-based assessment in reading, mathematics, science, and writing. NAEP results inform state-by-state comparisons rather than individual student or school accountability.
Students study how government works, how economies make choices, how geography shapes life, and how United States and world history led to today. The work is less about memorizing dates and more about reading sources, weighing evidence, and writing arguments.
Ask them to explain one paragraph in their own words, then ask who wrote it and why. Talking through a news article at dinner does the same thing. Five minutes of back and forth beats rereading the chapter alone.
Yes, and home is a great place to practice. Walk through a paycheck, a credit card statement, or a savings account together. Comparing the cost of two phone plans or a car loan teaches more than a worksheet.
Most teachers anchor the year in one strand and weave the others in. A United States history spine works well, with economics during industrialization, civics around the Constitution and elections, and geography whenever migration or resources come up.
Sourcing and corroboration. Students can summarize a document but often skip who wrote it, when, and why. Building a short sourcing routine into every reading pays off across all four strands.
Students can read a primary source, place it in its time, and use it as evidence in a written argument. They can also explain how a current issue, such as trade or immigration, connects to its history.
Look up a local ballot together and read one measure end to end. Talk about who decides what at the town, state, and federal level. New Hampshire town meetings and school board meetings are open and worth attending once.
Pair units across regions instead of teaching them in separate blocks. Industrialization, revolutions, and migration all show up in both stories. Ending units with a contemporary issue, such as supply chains or borders, helps students see why the history matters.
Watch how they handle a long article or a news story they disagree with. A ready student can summarize it fairly, name the author's point of view, and explain what they think and why. That habit transfers to almost any next step.